what is dramaturgy Archives - Dramatics Magazine Online

Dramaturgy 101: Creating an Actor Packet

Dylan Malloy — Thu, 16 Nov 2023 14:18:25 +0000

This fall, I learned about dramaturgy for the first time by serving as a dramaturg for my college theatre department’s production of Lost Girl, written and directed by Professor Kimberly Belflower. Dramaturgs perform the research and story analysis that make a play come alive for the actors and creative team. They’re also often responsible for creating the “actor packet,” a short research document with information relevant to the play.

4 Tips for Creating a Great Actor Packet

The actors use this packet to gain more context about the themes present within the script, essentially helping build the story from the inside out! While there’s plenty to learn, here are four of my biggest lessons creating my very first actor packet.

1: Read the play.

First, sit down with the play and read it thoroughly. It helps to make note of what you notice while reading. Do certain character dynamics stand out? What themes seem particularly clear? Does the ending make sense, or is it more ambiguous? Is the style realistic or not?

Once you finish reading the play, ask yourself one key question: What information do actors need to know to tell this story well?

The answer to this question can come in the form of themes, historical context, storytelling devices, information about the play’s genre – the options are endless. You’ll research many different things while working on your actor packet, but answering this question for yourself narrows your focus.

2: Research the context.

Next, begin your research into the play’s context, as this often determines so much about the story from the start. Context is the particular lens through which the author, director, and/or creative team approach the material, informing how characters relate to each other and how they interact with the setting.

For example, Cabaret is a story about a passionate love affair between a British nightclub singer and an American author. However, its context is that it’s set in Berlin on the eve of the holocaust, and this affects how the actors might portray the story. Knowing details about the world the story is set in helps you understand what different characters value.

Even if the play takes place in the present, do some broad Google searches into a play’s historical setting and geographical location. What was happening in the world at the time when the play takes place? Where is the play located in the world, and how has that location been impacted by global issues?

Make a bullet-point list of the most relevant facts that actors should know. The list doesn’t have to include everything – just enough information to provide some background. At the end of the actor packet, include some links that actors can reference if they would like more information.

Think of it like drawing: by providing historical context in the actor packet, you’re outlining the sketch. Next, you’ll focus on the smaller details of the story and add some color.

3: Explore themes and genres.

In every play, the playwright wants to communicate a message about the world. They do so by exploring conflict between characters and the world around them. You can help the actors understand the themes of the story by pointing to works with similar themes. Everything you include in the actor packet helps the actors to ground themselves within the story.

For example, if the play you’re working on is a romance that ends tragically, you can provide a list of other romances that end tragically. Actors can read or watch these stories to understand the nuances of the emotions they will portray onstage. When actors understand a play’s genre, they can also work to understand what makes this particular play different from stories of the same genre. Different themes and approaches set stories apart.

While creating the actor packet for Theater Emory’s production of Lost Girl, the dramaturgy team included information about different genres: fantasy and coming-of-age. Lost Girl is inspired by the story of Peter Pan and follows Wendy Darling after she returns home from Neverland and tries to start her life again. We wanted to have a section of the actor packet that talked about tropes commonly found in both genres so they could understand how the play works with and subverts those tropes.

4: Study the characters.

Once you’ve provided research about the context, themes, and genre of the play, shift your attention to the characters. Every character pursues different goals and experiences conflict along the way, and actors seek to find out why they act the way they do. You can help them in this process by sharing research related to psychology and behavior.

For example, if a character is grieving a loss, including a scientific article about grief makes it easier for an actor to understand the character’s emotions. While working on the production of Lost Girl, which focuses on Wendy’s heartbreak after losing Peter Pan, the dramaturgy team provided research about mental health in the actor packet to contextualize why Wendy struggles to move on.

However, always be careful that the sources you include are accurate, professional, and trustworthy. If you have any questions about whether you should include a source, be sure to ask your theatre teacher. It’s best not to try to explain the characters, but to share interesting pieces of research that empower actors to draw their own conclusions.

Once you compile all your research, you’ll have a completed actor packet ready to distribute! Your research and attention to detail will help the cast and creative team see the story in a kaleidoscope of different ways.

The post Dramaturgy 101: Creating an Actor Packet appeared first on Dramatics Magazine Online.

What is Dramaturgy?

Natalie Clare — Tue, 06 Jun 2023 17:53:37 +0000

What is dramaturgy, you ask? (Or you do not ask because you don’t even know how to pronounce dramaturgy!)

One of the most fascinating, and mysterious, jobs in theatre is that of the dramaturg. Tasked with understanding the story and all of its many components, a dramaturg can be crucial when developing a script and preparing it for the stage. Dramaturgs typically work with playwrights, directors, designers, actors, and/or producing theatre companies.

In this article, we’re demystifying dramaturgy. We’ll take a look at the craft itself, how dramaturgs chart their career, and what skills lend themselves to the role.

WHAT IS DRAMATURGY?

The basic definition of dramaturgy is “the art or technique of dramatic composition or theatrical representation.” It comes from the Greek word dramatourgía, meaning “a dramatic composition” or “action of a play.” In essence, dramaturgy is the practice of understanding the structure, context, characters, language, and themes of a play. It can also apply to opera and film.

What does the dramaturg do?

● Analyze play scripts and librettos
● Perform research about a variety of story elements
● Consult the playwright on a script’s form and structure
● Support the development of a new script, revival, or adaptation
● Advise the director, designers, production team, and actors
● Write educational or supplementary content for audiences
● Maintain knowledge of a show’s production history and author(s)
● Consult outside subject matter experts if the material calls for it
● Consider how the production will connect with today’s audiences

The role of a dramaturg can vary from production to production. Some dramaturgs work as freelancers and independent contractors, and some work in a theatre company’s literary department. This makes dramaturgy one of the most flexible careers in theatre.

Despite this range of tasks and functions, every dramaturg has the same basic objective. Catherine Sheehy, Chair of Dramaturgy & Dramatic Criticism at David Geffen School of Drama at Yale University, describes it in a video: “It is the dramaturgy which connects that work to its maker, its audience, and its cultural context. And it is the dramaturgy which connects all of those three to each other.”

KNOWING THE WORLD OF THE STORY

A dramaturg’s in-depth research informs and enhances the world of the story. That might include analyzing the time period of the play’s setting.

For example, August Wilson’s Century Cycle includes a series of ten plays that represent the Black American experience in each decade of the 20th century. A dramaturg would perform research on the time period’s major news items and events, details about typical daily life in a certain region, social dynamics between different groups of people, artistic and cultural movements, and other factors that influenced the lives of Black Americans as they’re relevant to the characters. In doing so, a dramaturg provides key insights about historical accuracy.

A dramaturg can also provide a look at a show’s production history, source material and origins, context around the material, and information about subjects in the story.

With The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time, for example, a dramaturg would research all of these areas. The play is based on a best-selling novel by Mark Haddon. Its world premiere production earned the show a reputation for its sophisticated technology and physical movement—an artistic and intentional choice made by the director and production team. There are also important interpretations of the show’s protagonist, Christopher. He has unique sensory challenges that are integral to his character development and the choices he makes.

In these scenarios, the dramaturg’s work can inform how a director approaches the material, how actors bring the characters to life, how designers envision sets and costumes, and how a theatre might supplement the production through educational materials and audience engagement opportunities. They might also consult with experts who already have a deep well of information about show-specific subjects, characters, and themes.

CONSULTING ON THE CREATIVE PROCESS

The scope of dramaturgical work for any given production depends on the needs of the artists and the theatre who is producing their work. Primarily, a dramaturg is there to support the playwright and their story with research, leaving creative decisions to the artists.

In an insightful interview with MusicalWriters.com, dramaturg/writer/scholar/creative executive Ken Cerniglia describes the basics of dramaturgy and his experience as full-time dramaturg and literary manager with Disney Theatrical Productions. His biography says that during his 16 years in this role, he “developed over 70 titles for Broadway, touring, international, and licensed productions, including The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Freaky Friday, Aladdin, Newsies, The Little Mermaid, High School Musical, and Tarzan.”

He says in the interview, “[P]art of my job is to bring relevant historical facts into the creative discussion to enable informed decisions. You can’t take artistic license if you don’t even know what you’re departing from in the first place, and more importantly, why. At the same time, if you’re rigid about historical and scientific accuracy, you risk being boring.”

Cerniglia then explains how his dramaturgy helped Disney bring the theatrical adaptation of the 1992 movie musical Newsies to Broadway. He performed research about the actual 1899 New York City Newsboys Strike, and how historical figures like publisher Joseph Pultizer (the musical’s villain) played a role in it. His research provided important context that helped the creative team make some changes from the source material that enhanced the story but still maintained historical accuracy.

He describes, “The musical’s book writer, Harvey Fierstein, also invented the character of Katherine, which was the name of Pulitzer’s oldest daughter, but Fierstein made her a reporter—a young career woman—and a love interest. This choice provided our 21st-century musical with an appealing female lead and juicy second-act plot complications. Although not historical, Katherine Plumber was historically plausible; our research into journalist Nellie Bly, who was famous decades before 1899, helped inform the development of the character.”

WHAT MAKES A SKILLFUL DRAMATURG?

Dramaturgy is an ideal area of expertise for those who are passionate about theatre and gravitate to roles off stage. It’s essential to have general knowledge of the theatrical art form and its history. It’s also important to know how a play comes to life and who’s responsible for what during production.

Dramaturgs who excel in their field commonly have the following characteristics:

● They love to read, write, and research new topics.
● They have a strong grasp of literary analysis, including narrative structure, character development, symbolism, and language.
● They work well both independently and collaboratively.
● They’re detail-oriented and keep their work organized and clear.
● They’re sensitive to and respectful of the creative process.
● They’re observant, curious, and open-minded.
● They consider how art, in all its forms, relates to larger social and cultural contexts.

Does this sound like you? If so, the field of dramaturgy might be calling!

Natalie Clare is a regular contributor to Dramatics. She’s a freelance writer who specializes in arts and culture, and is based in Cincinnati, Ohio. Visit her work at nataliecwrites.com.

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